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Cardiology is the surgical field that serves the study and activity of cardiac muscle and circulatory systems. This field includes heart failure, valvular coronary disease, congenital cardio defects, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia. Physicians who treat for the Cardiological disorder are said to be Cardiologists.
The heart is a muscular organ localized in the mediastinum. By function, the heart is divided into four chambers. Two upper chambers are known as the right and left atrium and two lower chambers are known as the right and left ventricles. The right heart acquires blood coming from the body through the superior and the inferior vena cava. It pumps back blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery and the left heart receives saturated blood from the lungs.
The circulatory system also referred to as the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that allows blood to circulate and carry the nutrients (like amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide immunity and nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and prevent homeostasis.
Heart Disorders describe a range of heart-related conditions. Cardiac disorders include diseases of the blood vessels, such as coronary artery disorders; heart rhythm issues (arrhythmias); and heart defects with which you were born (congenital heart defects), among others. This usually refers to conditions involving narrowed or blocked blood vessels which may result in heart failure, chest pain (angina), or stroke.
Certain diseases of the heart, such as those affecting the muscle, valves, or rhythm of your heart, are also considered types of heart disease. It is possible to prevent or treat heart diseases at an early stage and also with healthy lifestyle choices.
An Arrhythmia is also referred to as cardiac arrhythmia or heart arrhythmia is defined as irregular heartbeat or heart sound. It is a condition where the heart beats too quickly or too slowly. If the heart rate is too fast i.e. 100 beats per minute in an adult is known as tachycardia, and a heart rate is too slow i.e. below 60 beats per minute that are known as bradycardia. Some kind of arrhythmia does not have any symptoms. Most of the arrhythmia cases are not serious, but in some conditions may cause sudden death. It also leads to cardiac arrest.
When the blood pressure is high is commonly referred to as hypertension. The reason for the cause of hypertension is mainly the age factor, but in the modern era, it affects too early for so many factors. Hypertension can develop for so many years but it does exhibit any causes. We categorize hypertension either as primary or secondary. Primary hypertension is due to genetic reasons and does not have any particular reasons. The secondary condition may have several conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, alcohol use, illegal drugs, etc.
The field of medicine involved in the surgical treatment of organs within the thorax cavity, lungs, heart, and oesophagus are said to be cardiothoracic surgery. Highly advanced machines are operated externally by the surgeon for cardiothoracic surgery. These modern machines can operate through minute incisions and also shortens the recovery time of the patients.
Interventional surgery is a subdivision of cardiology that uses many imaging techniques and various diagnostic tools. It focuses on the catheter-based instrument (invasive) for the management of cardiac diseases. New studies and strategies such as the use of stents with biodegradable vascular platforms are a reality and can envision treatments that will restore an artery to a healthy condition with its vasomotor preserved without device presence.
Preventive cardiology directs the course of action to cardiovascular diseases and also the preventive measures to be taken and the medicine to intake. The main objective of this system is to decrease the risk factor and to forbid the worse conditions. Prevention is always preferable to medication. There are many conditions to keep back the disease such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, avoid alcohol, enough sleep, and manage stress.
Cardio-oncology is the emerging sector of monitoring, preventing, and treating cardiovascular damage caused by cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It is important to check the patients periodically under the treatment particularly for the patients who intake anthracyclines and trastuzumab. The management of cardiovascular risk factors and periodic diagnosing with cardiac imaging and biomarkers should be taken into account in high-risk survivors.
Rheumatic heart disease is the destruction of the heart valves and heart due to rheumatic fever. This damage can also affect the mitral valve or the aortic valve and create holes to leak and also it becomes narrow. Rheumatic fever occurs as a result of a rare strain of strep bacterial infection that isn’t treated or is inadequately treated with antibiotics. The main complications of rheumatic diseases include bacterial endocarditis, rupture heart valve, pregnancy delivery complications.
Non-invasive imaging techniques generally don't have any surgery to remove tissues, needles, fluids that have to be inserted into the body. The non-invasive imaging process focuses to establish the risk of individuals developing heart disease in the future and also preventing major cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke. The intensity of the reflected ultrasound image is indicated by gray scale; fluid or blood appears black, and highly reflective structures, such as calcifications on cardiac valves or the pericardium, appear white. Tissues such as myocardium appear grayer, and tissues such as muscle display a unique interference pattern.
Now a day’s one in three women living with the serious cause of cardiovascular problems. Though 80% of problem CVD’s can be prevented when it is diagnosed earlier. Women have thinner valves and smaller coronary arteries than women. Women diagnosed with diabetes probably having the chance to have cardiovascular diseases when compared to the men having diabetes. Risk factor such as smoke, diabetes, alcohol consumption leads to death.
The studies on nuclear cardiology are always performed using the conventional gamma camera with a sodium iodide detector and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A nuclear cardiogram uses the non-invasive technique to evaluate the pumping action of the heart and also to know the location and range of the heart attack, and assess the myocardial blood flow. Among the techniques, the myocardial perfusion imaging technique is widely used. Nuclear cardiology studies are ceaseless to expand an important role in the new millennium, in the non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease, the assessment of the pumping function of the heart, and in the prediction of outcomes in patients with heart disease.
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is an extra pathway in between the upper and lower part of the heart which causes the sudden heartbeat. This condition may be present at birth, but it almost rare. Even babies can have the WFW symptoms this may lead to arrhythmia. Treatment may involve the use of medication and this is known as ablation. Sometimes, an electric shock may be used to normalize the heartbeat. Common symptoms of WFW syndrome are anxiety, fatigue, chest pain, difficulty in breathing.
A heart attack or stroke is very dangerous for the people affected with the HIV virus more than normal people. HIV-related cardiovascular disease is about 2.6 million years and the people lost their healthy lives. Anti-retroviral therapy is a treatment that uses a combination of medication to reduce HIV-related infections. Johns Hopkins researchers found that men with long-term HIV infections are at great risk than uninfected men of the increasing plate in their coronary arteries, no matter other risk factors for coronary artery disease
ECG is an easy and non-invasive diagnostic method to record the electrical signal of your heart. Electrodes are placed in your chest to know the abnormalities of the heart. The machine that records the signal is known as an electrocardiograph. The echocardiogram method uses sound waves to produce detailed images of the heart structure.it also shows the heart rate and pumps the blood. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses the magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to observe detailed images of the heart.
Cardiology case reports are analysis, Open Access journal that publishes case reports and case series related to hypertension, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, cardiovascular disease, congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. Cardiology reports on recent cases provide the various significant details as the assemblage to all cardiologists. Medical reports and studies provide valuable information for doctors, graduates, and paramedics members. The rare medical records and diseases that have been found by the new testing techniques are improved.
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