Heart failure plagues the developed world and kills more people than any other disease. This is usually caused by a shortage of specialized heart muscle cells known as cardiomyocytes, and powerful treatments that regenerate lost heart muscle could help millions of patients each year. is well documented in developing mammals, as well as in amphibians and fish. However, postnatal human heart regeneration is limited to the very slow replacement of cardiomyocytes. Several experimental strategies are underway to revascularize the injured heart using adult and pluripotent stem cells, cell reprogramming, and tissue engineering. Although many challenges remain, these interventions may ultimately lead to better approaches to treating or preventing heart failure.

The nuclear medicine speciality may be a non-invasive technique for learning interrupted by the use of nuclear imaging techniques. Departments typically performed these tests while the person was undergoing training. Nuclear medicine is a technique that uses small amounts of radioactive substances called radiotracers, which are usually injected, aspirated, or embedded in the blood. Angiography can even be a medical imaging technique for determining the lumen of blood vessels and organs of the body, paying close attention to arteries, veins and thus the intestine. This can be done by inoculating the blood vessel with a radiopaque contrast agent and imaging it with an X-ray-based technique such as radiography.

Obesity increases the chance of heart disease and stroke. But it's not just the heart and vascular system to worry about. It is also a major cause of gallstones, osteoarthritis, and breathing difficulties. Having diabetes or pre-diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. You can lower your risk by keeping your blood sugar, blood cholesterol, and high blood pressure under control. Obesity adversely affects cardiac and vascular diagnoses. It even increases the risk of stroke and heart disease. In addition to being heart-damaging, weight gain is a common result of several causes, such as lack of exercise and a high-fat diet. Coronary heart disease and stroke are the same problems as atherosclerosis. can be caused by Obesity can also lead to serious conditions such as heart failure, where the heart cannot pump enough blood throughout the body.

Cardiac oncology is an emerging area of ??interest in cardiology focused on the detection, monitoring, and treatment of cardiovascular disease that occurs as a side effect of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Both cancer therapies can cause cardiac dysfunction, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the oncology population. For cancer patients undergoing treatment, especially those receiving anthracyclines and trastuzumab (monoclonal antibody), 3D echocardiography is primarily used to calculate left ventricular ejection fraction and estimate myocardial deformation. For example, regular monitoring is required. Additionally, measurement of various biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides may facilitate early identification and appropriate response to potential cardiotoxicity. In this context, cardiac evaluation is essential before initiating cancer therapy and should be continued throughout treatment, as cardiac dysfunction can occur at any time, even years after initiation of therapy. there is. In particular, high-risk individuals should receive detailed treatment plans developed in collaboration with oncology and cardiology specialists.

Neurocardiology describes the interactions between the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Stress-related cardiomyopathy is an example of a brain-heart connection that occurs in several acute brain injury conditions that share sympathetic activation. Brain effects on the heart may include elevated cardiac markers, arrhythmias, ECG repolarization abnormalities, myocardial necrosis, and autonomic dysfunction. Neurogenic fainting myocardium in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage represents one end of the spectrum and is associated with explosive increases in intracranial pressure, leading to excess catecholamines and possibly CBN. The brain-heart connection is better known to cardiologists than to neurologists. This chapter provides some insight into the pathophysiology of these pathological neuro-cardiac disorders and the most appropriate treatments for neurologists.

Heart murmurs may be present at birth (congenital) or may develop later (acquired). Some heart murmurs are harmless (harmless). A harmless heart murmur is not a sign of heart disease and does not require treatment. Other heart murmurs can be signs of serious heart disease. Tests to examine the heart and heart valves are needed. Treatment of heart murmurs depends on the cause. Harmless (innocent) heart murmurs usually do not cause other symptoms. The symptoms of heart murmurs that are worrisome depend on the cause. Heart murmurs are caused by rapid, choppy (turbulent) blood flow through the heart. People with innocent heart murmurs usually have typical hearts. Innocent heart murmurs are common in newborns and children. Innocent heart murmurs may disappear over time. Heart murmurs can last a lifetime without causing serious health problems. Annoying murmurs in children are usually due to problems with the structure of the heart that is present at birth (congenital heart defects). In adults, disturbing heart murmurs are usually caused by acquired heart valve disease (acquired heart valve disease). There are no known ways to prevent heart murmurs. However, a healthy lifestyle can improve heart health and prevent some disorders related to heart murmurs in adults.

Heart diseases are passed down through generations, affect people of all ages, and can be life-threatening. These heart diseases are genetically heterogeneous and have different clinical manifestations. Single-gene pathogenic variants may be associated with different heart diseases (clinical heterogeneity). Similar cardiac phenotypes may occur in different genes (genetic heterogeneity). Depending on the aetiology, the phenotype can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked manner. Cardiomyopathy can also be inherited in mitochondria. Many common heart diseases have a strong genetic component. Some cardiovascular diseases are hereditary and can be identified through genetic testing. Combining the work of a child and adult cardiologist.

Cardiac nursing is a speciality of nursing that works with patients suffering from various diseases of the cardiovascular system. Under the direction of a cardiologist, cardiac nurses help treat conditions such as unstable angina, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias. Cardiac nurses perform postoperative care in the operating room, stress test evaluations, cardiac monitoring, vascular monitoring, and health assessments. Cardiac nurses must be certified in Basic Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support. In addition, cardiac nurses must have specialized skills such as ECG monitoring, defibrillation, and drug delivery via continuous intravenous infusion. Cardiac nurses are used in coronary care units (CCU), cardiac catheterization, intensive care units (ICU), operating rooms, cardiac rehabilitation centres, clinical research, cardiac surgery wards, cardiovascular intensive care units (CVICU), cardiology wards, etc., working in different environments.

Cardiac imaging includes many types of tests that take pictures of the heart and surrounding structures. Healthcare providers use tests to diagnose and treat heart disease. Examples of cardiac imaging studies include chest X-rays, cardiac MRIs, and cardiac nuclear stress studies. Cardiac imaging, also called cardiovascular imaging, is a broad term that includes multiple methods of capturing images of the heart and surrounding anatomy. Cardiovascular imaging is safe because the surgery is non-invasive or minimally invasive. Allergic reactions to the dyes used in some cardiac imaging tests are rare. Cardiac imaging allows healthcare providers to take pictures of the heart, blood vessels, and surrounding anatomy. Shows the heart and the blood flow around it. Cardiac imaging tests help healthcare providers diagnose and treat heart conditions.

Cardiovascular pharmacology deals with the treatment of heart disease. Cardiotonic drugs are used to treat disorders of the heart, circulatory system, or vascular biology. Many types of cardiovascular drugs are available to treat various cardiovascular diseases. Sodium, potassium, and calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and cardiac biomarkers are the most commonly used subcategories of drugs. There are six major associations and associations in the United States, and the major cardiac care association is the American Heart Association. Cardiac therapies are being studied at 50 universities. Three new drugs were launched in 2015. Cardiac glycosides, anticoagulants, antiarrhythmics, antianginals, and antihypertensives are among the many types of cardiovascular drugs available on the market.

Heart problems do not always require surgery. In some cases, it can be treated with lifestyle changes, medication, or non-surgical procedures. For example, catheter ablation uses energy to create small scars in heart tissue to prevent abnormal electrical signals from passing through the heart. Coronary angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure in which a stent is placed in a narrowed or blocked coronary artery to keep it open. nevertheless, to treat problems such as heart failure, build-up of plaque that partially or completely blocks blood flow in the coronary arteries, malfunction of heart valves, dilation or disease of large blood vessels (such as the aorta), and arrhythmias Surgery is often required.

Cardiac anaesthesia for heart transplantation can be divided into different durations. The precision stage is one of minimal stimulation. The goal is to maintain the primate at a sufficient isoflurane concentration (usually 1.0–1.25%) to induce loss of consciousness and avoid hemodynamic instability. Maintaining high levels of isoflurane in primates without surgical stimulation often reduces blood pressure. The period from incision to initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is characterized by a period of intense surgical stimulation. In cardiac anaesthesia, practice guidelines for echocardiographic testing and certification are well established. More recently, these educational initiatives have been extended to non-cardiac practices and critical care units. Improvements in training, affordable basic equipment, and smaller devices will make echocardiography more prevalent among anesthesiologists shortly.

Cardiac electronic devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), biventricular pacemakers, and cardiac loop recorders, help control or monitor irregular heartbeats in people with certain arrhythmias or heart failure. It is developed as Once the device is in place, it continuously collects information about your heart rhythm. This information is sent wirelessly to the cardiac equipment team, either automatically through pre-scheduled transmissions or manually when symptoms are noticed. Remote monitoring allows doctors to check the heart's electrical activity as needed without the need to see a doctor. Cardiac devices control abnormalities caused by the heart's electrical system. B. Irregular heartbeats and arrhythmias. If medications, lifestyle changes, or other treatments are unsuccessful, an implantable device may be recommended. Cardiac devices can cure heart disease in the long term.

Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the heart muscle (heart muscle). Cardiomyopathy can make the heart hard, enlarged, or thickened, causing scar tissue. Cardiomyopathy prevents the heart from pumping blood efficiently to other parts of the body. This may cause fatigue, shortness of breath, or heart palpitations. Cardiomyopathy worsens over time. Treatment can slow progression and improve quality of life. Over time, the heart weakens and cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure. Treatment can help. Some people with cardiomyopathy eventually need a heart transplant. Cardiomyopathy can affect people of all ages and races. About 1 in 500 adults have cardiomyopathy. Certain types of cardiomyopathies are more common in some people than others. For example, dilated cardiomyopathy is more common among blacks. Dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmic cardiomyopathy are more likely to occur in men.

Artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science that deals with the problem of building agents that choose the best possible course of action in a given situation. Cardiology is at the forefront of the artificial intelligence revolution in medicine. AI enables accurate prediction of cardiovascular outcomes, non-invasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease, detection of malignant arrhythmias, and prediction of diagnosis, treatment, and outcome for heart failure patients. Advances in artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and precision medicine will lead to future innovations in cardiovascular research. Artificial intelligence in cardiology is constrained by unaddressed ethical and privacy concerns. Regulations will need to be implemented in the future for the safe use of artificial intelligence in cardiology and medicine.

The 21st century has seen a major shift in medical practice and healthcare delivery through the cultural shift we call digital health. And to change the role of the old status quo. The passive patient role is shifting to an active role that seeks to be involved in health and disease management. The role of the physician, a key player in the ivory tower of medicine, is shifting to that of guiding patients through networks of information and technology.

Cardiology Case Reports are intended to facilitate rapid publication and increase clinical cases in various areas of cardiology, cardiovascular medicine, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. , which focuses on conceptual breakthroughs. , arrhythmia, angina pectoris, congenital heart disease, pericardial disease, vascular disease, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, heart disease, pediatric cardiology, echocardiography, cardiac surgery and therapy. Images of the heart are also available.

Heart disease is a condition that affects the heart. Diseases below the medium disease screen include vascular diseases, such as vascular disease. rhythm problems (arrhythmias); congenital heart defects, namely H. rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, ischemic heart disease, vascular disease and cranioplasty. Heart failure is also a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The term "heart failure" does not mean that the heart has stopped or is nearing its end. However, coronary artery insufficiency can be a serious condition that requires treatment.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects the heart and blood vessels. You can make lifestyle changes or your doctor can prescribe medications to treat cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is easier to treat the earlier it is detected.

Cardiovascular disease is a group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. These diseases can affect one or more parts of the heart and blood vessels. A person can be symptomatic (physically experiencing the illness) or asymptomatic (not feeling anything).

Causes of cardiovascular disease vary by type. For example, atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in arteries) causes coronary and peripheral artery disease. Coronary artery disease, heart muscle scarring, genetic problems, or medications can cause an arrhythmia. Ageing, infections, and rheumatic diseases can cause valvular disease.

Clinical cardiology is the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Founded in 1978, Clinical Cardiology is a peer-reviewed medical journal dedicated to cardiology. It is published by John Wiley & Sons and edited by A. John Camm. It is an approved journal of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology. Clinical cardiologists can diagnose, check, and treat heart conditions. This is the specialist you need if you develop angina pectoris, an abnormal heart rate monitor, or symptoms resembling a heart attack. adjust.

Pediatric cardiology presents unique challenges in communicating with family members. Not only is congenital heart disease and its treatment difficult to understand, but the language we professionals use is full of abbreviations and abbreviations. B. Hypoblast, VSD, DORV, SVR, etc. Even if we only use them among us at our bedside, they can seemingly exclude the family and expose us to accusations of elitism or paternalism. I need to understand the problem. This chapter is not the place to cover the basics. We recommend this Task 5 as a starting point. A lot of this is common sense. For example, a child and family-friendly, peaceful and quiet environment. Be sure to introduce yourself. Always be well prepared and always read the precautions. The field of pediatric cardiology has evolved significantly over the past century, with significant improvements in clinical outcomes for children with heart disease. In the first half of the 20th century, pediatric cardiology was primarily diagnostic with few treatments or treatment options. Advances in heart surgery that began in the 1940s provided treatment options for many children with heart disease.

Cardiac intervention is a branch of the cardiac speciality that specifically deals with the less invasive, catheter-based diagnosis and treatment of a variety of structural heart diseases and conditions. Using specialized imaging and other diagnostic techniques, interventional cardiologists can assess blood flow and pressure within the coronary arteries and heart chambers, as well as valve defects, congenital heart disease, vascular disease, and acquired structural heart disease. Conditions such as disease can be evaluated. Abnormalities that affect the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Interventional cardiologists have advanced expertise and experience in preventing heart disease and complications such as stroke and heart failure.

Patients should contact an interventional cardiologist if they have symptoms or conditions such as chest, shoulder, arm, neck, or jaw pain, dizziness, palpitations or rapid heartbeat, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest tightness. is needed.

Heart disease is a top concern for women, accounting for up to 1 woman every minute and 1 in 3 deaths per year. There are many misconceptions about heart disease in women that can put you at risk. In addition, conflicting heart conditions such as coronary artery disease (MVD) and broken heart syndrome put girls at risk. Overall, the importance of cardiac arrhythmias depends on the presence or absence of structural heart disease. These diseases, which primarily affect women, are no longer understood as CHD. The growth rate of heart disease in women is much slower than in other areas. Cardiovascular disease is the latter, the leading cause of death for women in the United States.